The land was divided into three parts: one part for the aristocracy, another for the religious establishment, and the last for the farmers themselves, who were obliged to farm for all three groups. Among the staple crops grown were quinoa, potatoes, and maize.
Inca farmers had to deal with the difficult terrain of the Andes as usable land was mainly limited to the narrow valleys carved by rivers between the mountains. Additional flat terrain was available on the plateaus, but their high altitude and cold weather severely limited their usefulness for farming. To expand the available land, the Incas used several Andean techniques which made it possible to farm on high altitude hillsides; these included the following: Andenes, Camellones, Cochas.
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