hese were artificial areas constructed on the banks of lake Titicaca. They consist of mounds of land that were able to store and take greater advantage of the water in places of frequent floods. They used a series of agricultural technologies in the mounds, including: the creation of artificial channels to give protection to the plants, and to facilitate drainage during the rains; floods; irrigation; as sources of credit; and, especially, to diminish the cold at night at these high altitudes, thereby reducing the risk from frosts.